1. Common Nouns

Common nouns are general names for a person, place, thing, or idea. These nouns are not capitalized unless they begin a sentence.

• Examples: girl, city, dog, car, happiness
• Sentences:
  • The girl is playing in the park.
  • I bought a new car.

2. Proper Nouns

Proper nouns are specific names for particular people, places, organizations, or things. These nouns are always capitalized.

• Examples: Sarah, New York, Toyota, Christmas, Google
• Sentences:
  • Sarah lives in New York.
  • I am visiting Paris next summer.

Note: Proper nouns name unique entities, while common nouns refer to general items or concepts.

3. Countable Nouns

Countable nouns are nouns that refer to things that can be counted. These nouns can have both singular and plural forms. They are often preceded by articles (a, an, the) or numbers.

• Examples: book/books, apple/apples, car/cars
• Rules:
  • Singular countable nouns must have an article or determiner: “I have a car.”
  • Plural countable nouns can be used without articles: “I have three books.”
• Sentences:
  • There is an apple on the table.
  • I have two dogs.

4. Uncountable Nouns

Uncountable nouns (also called non-count nouns) refer to things that cannot be counted as individual units. These nouns do not have a plural form and are often abstract concepts, substances, or masses.

• Examples: water, sugar, information, advice, furniture
• Rules:
  • Uncountable nouns do not take the indefinite articles “a” or “an” and are not used with numbers.
  • To quantify uncountable nouns, use expressions like “a piece of,” “a bottle of,” or “some”: “I need some information.” / “Can I have a piece of advice?”
• Sentences:
  • I need water to drink.
  • She gave me some advice on the project.